INTERNATIONAL TRADE RELATIONS

 

                                                                         – Dr. Stuart Malawer -

 

                                                                                                   [ Back to Home Page ]

 

 

 

   

                     ASSIGNMENTS

                                                     

                                                           [The items marked with * are required reading.]

 

 

CLASS I:              Introduction & World Trade Organization – Pt. 1 (Global Trade & WTO).

 

                                                                         

                                                                              2010 Update on Global Trade & Backdrop for the WTO Today.

• * "Global Trends 2025 -- A Transformed World." (National Intelligence Council, 2008) (Report).
• "Protectionism -- Obama & Tire Tariffs." Wall Street Journal editorial ( 9.15.09).
• * "From Doha to Bretton Woods II." Foreign Affairs (Jan. / Feb. 2009).
• Financial Times page on "The New Protectionism."
  • Two cartoons -- "Globalization Goes into Reverse" and "Belt Tightening."
• These  articles  indicate the great slowdown in global trade recently and the  rise of "Economic Nationalism" (protectionism), at least the fear of it globally. "All Around the World, Trade is Shrinking." New York Times (2.28.09) and "The Dangers of Turning Inward." Wall Street Journal (March 1, 2009). 
• The World Bank has identified many newer protectionist measures. "Protectionist Trends." World Bank -- Trade Notes (March 2, 2009).
• "A Protectionist President." Wall Street Journal (Sept. 15, 2009).

                                                                                            Introduction to Global Trade & the WTO.

 

o    ** Sourcebook (Malawer): ”Overview  of  WTO System & WTO Litigation.” Malawer 2-107.

• Lamy, “Place of WTO Law in International Legal Order.” (2006). Malawer 2-15.

• Lamy "WTO & Global Governance. " (2006) Malawer 16-25.

• Lamy, "Global Governance -- Lessons from EU -- Rule of Law." WTO News (Nov. 9, 2009).

• Update -- "Global Governance (WTO / IMF), Multilateralism & the Financial Crisis." Financial Times (12.01.09).

 

• *"Lamy -- Trade & Human Rights." WTO News (January 13, 2010).

• Lamy, "The Place of the WTO in the International Legal Order." (2008).

• Lamy, *"Global Economic Governance." (2008).

• Lamy, “Terrorism & Global Trade Rules.” (Speech by WTO D-G Lamy 9.8.07).

• WTO Groupings (Diagram 2008).

• * Map of DSU Disputes (2009).

 

o    ** Video: “From GATT to WTO – Achievements & Challenges.” (online video). (For outline click here). 

o    **  Malawer, “Trade Agreements & Uruguay Round,”  "U.S. Law & Global Trade." (2009) (PowerPoint)  (Basic WTO Agreements -- #50, # 52, # 59 - # 63).

**                                                                         

o    "Korean protests against import of U.S. Beef." (2008).

o    “G-8 Riots in Geneva.” (June 2003).

o    “Terrorism (World Trade Center 9/11).”

o    “Cancun Ministerial (Korean Farmer).” (September 2003).

o     “Cancun Ministerial (Cotton).” (September 2003).

o      “Hong Kong Ministerial (WTO).” (December 2005). 

 

 

 

 

 CLASS II:          World Trade Organization – Pt. 2 (Trade System & Doha Trade Negotiations).

 

 

 

 

o     ** Sourcebook (Malawer): ”Selected WTO Agreements.” Malawer 282-443.

 

o     **  Malawer, “Trade Agreements & Uruguay Round,”  "U.S. Law & Global Trade." (2009) (PowerPoint) .  #64 - #65 (Basic WTO,  Basic Principles -- Most Favored Nation, National Treatment --  & Doha Round); #24 - # 26 (A/D, CVD & Safeguards).

 

o       * Lamy, " 'Geneva Consensus': Trade & Development." (10.30.06).

 

o       **Video: “Ministerial Conference – Singapore: Global Challenges.” (For outline click here).

 

 o       ** “DOHA Ministerial Declaration.” (November 20, 2001). Malawer 82-92.

o      ** Video:  “To the Heart of the WTO (Brazil & Norway).” (January 2003). (For outline click here) (Online video).

o        “10 Benefits of WTO Trading System.”

o         “10 Common Misunderstandings.”

o           WTO Website (Dept. of State Information Office.)

o           Agricultural Trade Negotiations (Foreign Agricultural Service, USDA)

o       * "From Doha to Bretton Woods II." Foreign Affairs (Jan. / Feb. 2009).

 

  

 

 

 

CLASS III.        World Trade Organization – Pt. 3 (Dispute Resolution System).

 

                                                                   [Teams & Topics to be Assigned.]

 

 

o     ** Sourcebook (Malawer): ”Selected Articles” (Five Lessons & 10-Year Review) Malawer 213-247; “DSU Agreement” Malawer 308-327 (Articles 3, 19, 21, 22) .

o           * Video: “Solving Trade Disputes.” (For outline click here)  (Online video).

o        * Map of DSU Disputes (2009).

 

o          **Malawer, "World Trade Organization & Dispute Resolution." esp. # 7 - 13, # 37-41 (2009). (PowerPoint).

o           **Malawer, "WTO Litigation & Consultation -- 10 Years of Experience." (July 2005). (PDF version).

o        ** Malawer, "U.S.-China Litigation Offensive in the WTO"  (2007). (PDF version).

o         ** Lawrence, “The U.S. & the WTO Dispute Settlement System.” (Council on Foreign Relations 2007).

o           Recent statistics from the WTO / AB.  AB Annual Report for 2009 (Feb. 2010).

o        * “EU & the DSU.” (EU site).

 

o          Note on NAFTA Dispute Settlement:

 

o    USTR website for NAFTA Dispute Settlement.

o    U.S. State Dept. website on NAFTA Chapter 11 disputes.

o    NAFTA dispute settlement site.

o   Official Website: Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA).

 

o         Updates:

 

o    Good one-page summaries of WTO cases. WTO Dispute Settlement:  Case Summaries (WTO 2008).  

o   See recent 2008- 2009 decisions involving the United States and China concerning auto parts, enforcement intellectual property rights and entertainment copyrights. See also recent cases in favor of Brazil (Sanctions), U.S. (Airbus) and recent filing by China (U.S. Tires Tariff). (News Page) 

 o   The WTO is now 15 years old and has had 400 cases filed with the DSU. A good review of the data is provided by the WTO. "WTO -- 400 Disputes."  WTO News (11.6.09).

  o    The first Section 421 case (China Tire) doesn't really portend a return to Smooth-Hawley, but if unemployment keeps rising we may see more of these type of actions. "Broken Promises." Financial Times (11.9.09).

 o    The AB has rejected China's appeal and ruled in the favor of the United States in the dispute over import of publications and audiovisual products.   "Appellate Body Rules in U.S. - China Dispute."  WTO News (December 12, 2009). (Full report).  

 

 

 

CLASS IV.        WTO – Pt 4. (DSU Continued).

 

o    ** Sourcebook: ”Summary of WTO Litigated Decisions.” Malawer 443-675;  "Edited WTO Cases." Malawer 788 - 890; "News of WTO Cases." 2001-2006. Malawer 892- 1039.

 

o         **Malawer, "World Trade Organization & Dispute Resolution." #42 - #49 (basic) and # 50 - # 81 (practice)   (2009). (PowerPoint).

o           * Research Note – 

                  

• WTO Map of Disputes. (WTO web page).
• *WTO -- Dispute Settlement.
• *[List of all DSU Cases & Summaries.]
• *WTO Dispute Settlement:  Case Summaries (WTO 2008).  
• "Update of WTO Dispute Settlement Cases"  (Updated by the WTO Secretariat periodically). 
• WTO -- NGO Papers Received (WTO).
• * Update -- Data on WTO Cases (2.23.09).
• * UNCTAD Project on Dispute Settlement -- World Bank (ICSID), WTO, WIPO, Int'l  Commercial Arbitration, Regional ( Mercosur, NAFTA, ASEAN).

 

o           * Note – 

o    Litigation in the WTO as supplanting negotiations (when they fail) is criticized by some as "jurisprudential overreach" -- as well as "investor-state litigation" under other treaties concerning direct investments. "How Lawsuits are Coming to Dictate the Terms of Trade." Financial Times (3.20.2007).

o  * "Coherence -- WTO Dispute Settlement Panel Discussion ." 1-10 (2007 Public Forum 2008).

 

 

 

                                                           

CLASS V:      WTO – Pt. 5 (Selected Issues, E-Commerce & Outsourcing.)

 

                                                                         Foreign Perspectives: China, EC, India and Japan..

 

• Sourcebook (Malawer): Malawer 1040-1203.

                                                                          Dumping; Subsidies; Safeguards.

                                                                                       

 

o    ** Sourcebook (Malawer): ”Selected Articles -- (Global Governance & E-Commerce). Malawer 239-246, 251 -260; “GAO Reports (China, Doha Round).” Malawer 675-683, 739-754.

                                                 

o          “Antidumping – Third Rail,” Foreign Affairs (Nov. – Dec. 2005).

o         The WTO has issues reports on antidumping duties. The EU initiated the highest number of new cases for the last six months of 2006 and China remains the target of the most new investigations. "WTO News Release -- Antidumping -- Initiations & Final Actions." (June 11, 2007).  A 2008 WTO study found a surge in new antidumping actions globally. WTO Press Release (10.20.08). Most recent report found 17% increase in investigations with India bringing the most and China being the target of the most. WTO Press Release (May 7, 2009).

o        The number of new safeguard investigations were 5 for January 2008 - November 2008.  The number had peaked in 2002 with 34.  The investigations were initiated by Brazil, Egypt, Indonesia, Philippines and Turkey.  India has initiated the most with 15. "Report Decline in Safeguard Investigations."  WTO News (11.17.08).

  o     EU Antidumping Regime. EU Trade Issues website.

o   "China Files WTO Complaint Against EU for A/D as to Iron & Steel Fasteners." (8.3.2009).

 

         

              E-Commerce & Global Trade.

 

o       “WTO & E-Commerce.” (WTO E-Commerce website).

o      Malawer, “Global Governance of E-Commerce: Recent Developments.” (2001).

o       Malawer, “Internet Commerce & Trade Policy.”  (1999).

o     ** Malawer, "E-Commerce & Global Trade." esp. # 10,  # 13, 17-19, 24, 26 (2008) (PowerPoint).

o         "DOHA Declaration & E-Commerce Mandate." (2001).

 

o  Note: EU trade issues.

 

o    EU – Trade Issues.

o    EU-WTO Relations.

o    EU & Trade Rules.

o    EU External Trade – Home Page  

o    * EU PowerPoint--"The European Union Trade Policy." (EU, October 2006).

 

o  Note: U.S. Trade Agencies.

 

o    U.S. International Trade Commission

o    Dept. of Commerce --- International Trade Administration (Import Administration)

o    United States Trade Representative (USTR).

 

o    Note: International institutions.

 

o    “International Trade Centre (WTO –UNCTAD).” 

o    WIPO: Arbitration & Mediation.

o    WIPO: Domain Name Disputes.

o    *ITU Introduction (About the ITU).

o    OECD - Organization.

o    International Chamber of Commerce (ICC)

o    Millennium Development Goals (WTO, ITC & UNCTAD). 

 

                     * Note: Global Outsourcing.

o   * Blinder, "Outsourcing." (Foreign Affairs March - April 2006). 

o    *Offshoring: U.S. Semiconductor and Software Industries Increasingly Produce in China and India  (GAO Sept. 7, 2006).

 

 

                                                                                                                        

 

CLASSES  VI – VII:     [ Team Presentations– WTO / DSU Cases: Recent Cases. ]

 

 

CLASS VIII:                                                    … [Mid-term Exam.] …

 

 

CLASS IX:        U.S. Law -- Constitutional Law -- Role of  Congress & President in Global Trade.

 

·         ** Malawer, “Trade Agreements & Uruguay Round,”  "U.S. Law & Global Trade." (2009) (PowerPoint) (Slides # 47 - # 53– Basic U.S. Law -- Constitution & Int'l Agreements).

·         U.S. Constitution. (Constitution Edited.)

 ·      Consumers Union v. Kissinger (DC. Cir. 1974). ("Separation of Powers .... Congressional Authority .... Delegation of Legislative Power.... Executive Action ....Voluntary Restraint Arrangements").

·         *United States v. Curtis-Wright Export Corp. (S. Ct. 1936). ("Separation of Powers ... "Delegation of Authority ... Foreign / Domestic Powers.... Role of Executive ...'One Voice' ").

·         *Burma Trade Sanctions Case (S. Ct. 2000).  ("Federalism ... Implied Preemption").

·         *Youngstown Case (S. Ct. 1952). (Delegation of authority – three-part approach.)

·          *Malawer, "State Trade Sanctions." (PowerPoint 2007).

·         *“Fast Track” & Trade Agreements.” Malawer, "Fast Track & Trade Agreements.” U.S. Law & Global Trade  Slides # 54 - #58 (PPt). (Click here) .  

 

·    Suggested background reading for history and politics of U.S. trade policy -- Destler, American Trade Politics (2005).

·       "Federal-State Trade Relations." (2007).

 

 

 

  CLASSES X:  U.S. Law – Extraterritoriality: Global Antitrust -- Global Cartels & Predatory Pricing.

 

·         *United States v. Aluminum Co. of America 148 F.2d 416 (2d Cir. 1945) (“The "Alcoa Case"). 

•  *Malawer, “Global Antitrust.” # 1-4, 11-12, 13-16, 29-31 (2009). (PowerPoint).

 

                                    United States.

 

·         Link to U.S. Dept. of Justice Antitrust Division (Click here).

·         " International Advisory Committee."

·         International Antitrust Documents (International Division). 

                Foreign Competition Rules.

 

q  * “Competition Policy & WTO.” (Click here).

q  *  Link to International Documents from the Antitrust Division of the U.S. Dept. of Justice. (Click here).

q  Links to national antitrust offices worldwide. (Click here).

q  “International Competition Network. (ICN)”

q  Database of national competition laws. (Click here).

q  OECD & Competition. (Click here).

q  UNCTAD & Competition Policy. (Click here).

 

 

                                                                                             Recent  Developments.

 

q  An executive for Hitachi was indicted in his role of global price-fixing for LCD panels sold to Dell. Previously Hitachi plead guilty. "Hitachi Executive Indicted for LCD Price-fixing." DOJ Press Release (March 31, 2009).

q   China has aggressively applied extraterritorially its new antitrust regime concerning mergers and takeovers of Chinese firms, by requiring foreign divestures. "The People's Police (Panasonic Case)." Financial Times (11.30.09).

     

     CLASSES XI:  U.S. Trade Law –   Extraterritoriality: Global Mergers, National Security, Export Controls, Trade Sanctions, Corrupt Practices & Foreign Boycotts.

 

·      **Malawer, "Extraterritoriality:  Export Controls, Trade Sanctions & Governance.) " U.S. Law & Global Trade (PPt) Slides # 5 - # 6,  # 10 - # 20, # 38 - # 44). (Click here). 

 

·       ** Malawer, “Global Mergers & National Security.” Virginia Lawyer (December 2006);**Malawer, "Global Mergers & National Security." #2,  #34 - #36,   #40 - # 50 (2009) (PowerPoint)

 

o   ** New Legislation -- "Foreign Investment National Security Act." (July 2007).

o   “National Security Reviews.” (GAO March 23, 2007); *Committee on Foreign Investment into the U.S. (CFIUS) & Exon-Florio.

 

          ·        Export Controls.

• Basics of Export Controls. (BIS) (2005).

q  Reexport Controls (2003).

q  Export Enforcement.

q  Update -- ITT has been fined 100 million dollars for violating export ITT has been fined 100 million dollars for violating arms export control legislation to China, U.K. and Singapore. "Official Statement of U.S. Dept. of Justice." (DOJ March 27, 2007); The U.S. Dept. of Justice has announced the indictment of various corporations operating through the UAE for violation of U.S. exports laws leading to the shipment of U.S. dual-use goods and technology to Iran that were incorporated  into IEDs and used against U.S. forces in Iraq " "16 Foreign Nationals and Corporations Indicted on Illegal Exports." USDOJ News Release (9.17.08).

 

·         *Office of Foreign Asset Control (Treasury) – Trade Sanctions.” 

 

                o       Trade Sanctions & Terrorism.

 

o    SEC -- Link of Firms & State Sponsored Terrorism.

o  Treasury Sanctions. (List of Sanctions).

o   U.S. Dept. of State -- State Sponsor of Terrorism.

o    Syria Accountability Act.  (2003).

o    Iran & Libya Sanctions Act. (1996).

o    Iran Freedom Support Act. (2006).

o    Iran-Libya Sanctions Act (GAO Report 2005).

o    * “Economic Sanctions, Reconsidered” (2007) (“Conclusions”).

o    Cuban Trade Sanctions (GAO Report, December 2007).

o    Iranian Trade Sanctions (GAO Report, January 2008).

 

 

·         Financial Transactions & Counterterrorism.

o  ** U.S. Dept. of Justice, National Security Division.

o  Terrorism & Financial Intelligence (Treasury Dept.)

o   U.S. Government Links (Terrorism)

o    U.N. Links (Terrorism).

o   "Freezing Terrorist Funds --Chart -- Four Regimes Worldwide." Washington Post (11.2.08)

 

 

• U.S. World wide Taxation System, Tax Deferral (Export Subsidy), Tax Havens & Transfer-Pricing..

 

• OECD programs (tax havens, model tax convention, taxation of bribery, exchange information and transfer-pricing guidelines).  The OECD views taxation as integral to trade and investment and impacts economic development and transactional flows.  The OECD produces model treaties and standards to be voluntarily adhere to by states that normally require adoption by states as international obligations and as national legislation. This involves both creating international obligations and "harmonizing" national legislation.

• The area of international accounting known as "transfer-pricing" is again being looked at closely with multination corporations since it is used to avoid taxation. "Tax Enforcers Intensify Focus on Multinationals." New York Times (Jan. 5, 2010).

 

 

·         ** Foreign Corrupt Practices Act & Antiboycott Legislation: 

q  Anti-Boycott Office.

o    * Reporting boycott request online.

q  Corrupt Practices.

q  OECD Convention on Combating Bribery (1999).

q  U.N. Convention against Corruption (2005).

q  World Bank Corruption & Governance.

q  Transparency International.

§  Corruption Index (2005).

 

 

 

·         Updates:

 

·      China's new monopoly law has been applied to mergers and is considered to raise significant issues concerning cross-border mergers into China. "China's Monopoly Regime." Financial Times (5.4.09).

 

·     Credit Suisse has agreed to a $536 million forfeiture for violating the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (IEEPA) in arranging financial transactions with Iran and others in violation of financial trading sanctions.  This is the largest ever under IEEPA.  "Credit Suisse Agrees to Forfeit $536 Million for Violation of IEEPA."  USDOJ News (12.16.09).

 

  

q  Note on Foreign Direct Investment into the U.S. & U.S. FDI Abroad.

·         The President signed new legislation in October 2007 -- "The Foreign Investment National Security Act" that provides for revamping of CFIUS & a full 90-day investigations of takeovers by government-owned companies or directly by foreign governments (Sovereign Wealth Funds). New Legislation -- "Foreign Investment National Security Act." (2007).

·         Sovereign funds, mergers and national security are discussed in "The Deal Story of 2008." Wall Street Journal (11.20.07).

·         U.S. is the largest FDI abroad and largest host state of FDI.  U.S. FDI Abroad. (GAO Report 2007). 

·       U.N. Principles for Responsible Investment  (PRI) (ESG - environmental, social and corporate governance issues). Joint project by UNEP Finance Initiative with the U.N. Global Compact. For private sector entities to adhere to in investment decisions.

 

                                                                                               

 

CLASS XII:       U.S. Trade Law: ITC & USTR --  Import Relief Actions & Unfair Practices / Intellectual  Property Cases & Market Access ( §301).

 

o    ** Sourcebook (Malawer): Malawer -- 1205 - 1290. Especially --  ”Overview of U.S. Enforcement” (China Trade, 2006 Trade Policy, 2005 Special 301, 2006 President Report, Subsidies Report, NETBarriers.)”

                                                      Malawer: 1079-1097, 1205-1220 (China trade).

 

                                                       

o      ** Malawer, “Import Relief Legislation, Retaliation & Trade Sanctions,” U.S. Law & Global Trade. (PPt 2009) (Slides # 21 - # 32) (Click here).

 

 o       Enforcement by the USTR (USTR web page).

• **International Trade Commission -- Import Remedies (Antidumping/ Subsidies / Global / Special Safeguards) .and intellectual property (§ 337). 

• **International Trade Administration, U.S. Dept. of Commerce website: Import Administration, Trade Remedy Compliance, Market Access & Compliance.

• Global Antidumping Database (World Bank).

• USTR Enforcement (§ 301).

 

o    **“Statutory Provisions Related to Import Relief.” (1998) .  

·         Note on Trade Barriers:

 

·         ** “2009 National Trade Estimate Report on Foreign Trade Barriers.” (by USTR).

·         ** "2009 Trade Policy Agenda / 2008 Annual Report." (2009) (United States Trade Representative).

·          "2009 Section 1377 Telecom Review." (USTR).

·         “Japan’s Report on Trade Barriers.” (“Report on the WTO Consistency of Trade Policies by Major Trading Partners”) (Japan’s Ministry of Economy, Trade & Industry) (2009).

·         China -- Foreign Market Access Report (MOFCOM 2005).

·         *Trade Compliance Center (Dept. of Commerce).

·      Anti-Counterfeiting & Trade Agreements are in the process of being negotiated by the USTR. U.S.T.R. website for ACTA. 

 

·         Note on FDA & Food & Drug Imports. Imports Programs and International Programs. The FDA regulates the imports of food drugs in cooperation with U.S. Customs & Border Protection.

 

·         Note on U.S. Court of International Trade (USCIT), DOC & ITC.

 

o    *Official website of USITC (import transactions).

o      International Trade Administration of the U.S. Department of Commerce.”

o     U.S. International Trade Commission.

o     USTR Office. -- Enforcement.

o     Export Promotion. (Click here).

o    *“DOC / Chief Counsel for International Commerce.”

 

·         Additional:                                                                     

· *Good legislative summary and source material for all trade laws: "Overview and Compilation of U.S. Trade Statutes" (2003) (House Ways & Means Committee). 

•   Note on U.S. Tariff Schedule -- U.S. Harmonized Tariff Schedules (USITC -- Tariff       Information Center).

 

• Export Promotion
  • * USITC Study on SME & U.S. Exports (USITC January 2010). "Ron Kirk on SME & Exports."  (CNBC Video  1.22.10).
  • State Offices -- Virginia Economic Development Partnership.

   

•   * Recent Supreme Court Case on Antidumping (2009) -- The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that antidumping legislation applies only to import of goods and not to service contracts.   U.S. v. Eurodif (S. Ct. January 26, 2009). 
•   * Newer Trade Issues (Biofuel Subsidies & Carbon Tariffs. -- Proposals for imposing tariffs on products that are produced by use of high CO2 emissions are potentially in violation of WTO obligations and could be a form of protectionism and which could make heavy U.S. industries less competitive, so argues an editorial in the Wall Street Journal. "Cap and Trade War -- Carbon Tariff." Wall Street Journal (3.31.09). The carbon tariff  is potentially a newer trade dispute along with the subsidization of biofuels.
• Update: 
  • President Obama has imposed a tariff surcharge as a safeguard measure on Chinese imported tires (under provisions adopted pursuant to the Legislation concerning China's accession to the WTO in 2001) and in furtherance of the International Trade Commission's ruling.  "China Strikes Back on Trade." Wall Street Journal (September 14, 2009). USITC Determination (June 18, 2009).        
  •  China has imposed new antidumpoing duties on U.S. imports to China (Nylon).  This demonstrates that China is emulating the U.S. enforcement and is "creeping protectionism" and shows the weakness pf an "enforcement-centered trade policy. "The Cost of Trade "Enforcement." (Editorial)  Wall Street Journal (10.23.09).            

CLASS XIII:      Bush Trade Legacy, Rules-Based System, Trade & Financial Crisis, Obama's Trade Policies.

 

                                                             

                                                              

                                                                     U.S. Trade Policy: President Bush’s Trade Legacy & Obama's Agenda. 

• * * 2009 Trade Agenda (Obama).

• *  "U.S. Trade Policy in Flux." (2009) (Clinton, Bush & Obama policies).

• * "A Protectionist President?" Wall Street Journal (Sept. 15, 2009).

• *"The Cost of Trade "Enforcement." (Editorial)  Wall Street Journal (10.23.09).

•   * Obama's tax proposals concerning multinational corporations and global trade raises issues of jobs and global competitiveness. "Firms Face New Tax Curbs." Wall Street Journal (5.4.09); "Multinational Firms Face Tighter Tax Rules (Off-Shore Tax Avoidance)." Wall Street Journal (5.4.09); "Obama & Multinationals -- Tax Deferral, Foreign Tax Credits and Transfer-Pricing." New York Times (5.5.09).

• * Growing U.S. - China trade disputes. "Beijing Slams Tariffs in Growing Clash." Wall Street Journal (11.7.09).

• * First major statement by the new USTR Kirk reaffirming the importance of  WTO negotiations, litigation and pursuing a progressive trade policy benefiting the U.S. and global recovery. "Trade and Economic Agenda: American Families and Global Recovery." USTR Remarks (4.23.09).

•  Bush trade legacy particularly in concluding new bilaterals and litigating new DSU cases. "Bush Trade Legacy & New USTR." USTR News  Release (12.20.08); "Bush Administration Trade Accomplishments." FACTS (USTR December 2008).

• Review of President Bush's trade policies in the Trade Agenda Review (USTR 2008).

• "America Needs a Bipartisan Coalition on Trade (Financial Times 11.07.08).

• Bush, Global Financial Markets (White House 11.13.08).

• "Bush Pushes Trans-Pacific Free Trade." Wall Street Journal (11.24.08).

 

                                                                      Global Financial Crisis & Globalization.

 

• Director-General's Lamy assessment of trade and the global crisis -- protectionism has been held at bay. " "Overview of Developments." (WTO Nov. 18, 2009).

• The G-20 Final Communique (London Summit) contains various provisions concerning financial regulation, the Financial Stability Board, OECD tax haven secrecy / sanctions,  protectionism,  trade / investment promotion, and the WTO.  "Final G-20 Communique -- Global Plan for Recovery and Reform (London Summit)."  (April 2, 2009). See, OECD, Standards for Exchange of Tax Information (OECD Website 2009)

•  Lamy, "Stabilizing Influence of a Rules-Based Trading System." (WTO News Oct. 27, 2008).

• "There is, therefore, a need for more and better global rules. But there is also need for domestic policies which are coherent and complementary to the global ones.   "Economics & Politics of Trade." WTO News (11.17.08).

• Good article discussing economic policy, foreign policy, national security, new international rules and global economic institutions in the Obama presidency.  "Forget State vs. Treasury." New York Times (11.30.08).

•  Lamy, "Global Financial Regulation (Financial Crisis) & Global Trade Negotiations (Doha)."  (WTO 10.20.2008). 

•  "Global Crisis & Local Cash -- Understanding the Local Implications." (New York Times Nov. 2, 2008).

•   Globalization and the New Nationalism Collide." Financial Times (10.24.08). 

•    Destler, "Conclusion -- Making America Fit for Globalization." American Trade Politics (4th ed. 2005). 

• Global Financial Summit Declaration (G-20) (Washington, D.C. 11.15.08).

• Politics of International Economic Law (USTR-ASIL 11.14.08).

• * The World Bank has identified many newer protectionist measures. "Protectionist Trends." World Bank -- Trade Notes (March 2, 2009).

• The WTO reports the decline in global trade will be 9%. WTO Press Release (March 23, 2009).

• "Financial and Economic Crisis and Trade-Related Developments." (WTO Report, March 26, 2009).

• "The New Global Economy & Global Markets." Commanding Heights (video) (Outline). 

  • Commanding Heights (PBS website).

• The National Intelligence concludes that that future geopolitical "strategic rivalries are most likely to revolve around trade, investments, and technological innovation and acquisition."  That this new transnational agenda will demand far greater multilateral cooperation. Global Trends 2025 -- A Transformed World (National Intelligence Council, November 2008). (Executive Summary).

• G-20 Demonstration (March 25, 2009). (Video)

• Rise of the Multi-Polar World (Accenture 2007).

• Review Discussion Questions. 

 

                                                

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                                                             Dr. Malawer with Director-General Moore of the WTO (Summer 2001).